Shri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College

Category: Dravyaguna Vigyan Blogs

  • Saptaparna

    Saptaparna

    Botanical Name : Alstonia scholaris  (Linn.) R.Br.

    Family : Apocyanaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/108

    Introduction :

    This plant used in skin disorder also used as anti malarial drug. Alstonia sp. is known as Fever Bark. A. scholaris is native to Australia and Southeast Asia. it as a good blood purifier.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Devil’s tree, Dita Bark tree, shaitan wood

    Hindi : Chattiyan, saittan ka jat

    Kannada : Hale

    Malayalam : Elilampala, pala, yakshippala, daivappala

    Sanskrit : Saptaparnah, saptachadah

    Tamil : Elilappalai, palai

    Telugu : Phalangaruda, edakulaphala

    Unani : Chhaatim, Kaasim

    Folk : Chhitavan, Sataunaa

    Synonyms :

    Saptaparna, Saptaparni, Saptaahvaa, Vishaaltvak, Shaarada, Vishamchhada, Visãla, Visamacchada, sãrada, sãlmali patraka, Saptacchadä, Suparpaka

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    Kubaghna, Udarda prasamana Kasäya skandha, Tikta skandha

    Susrutha

    Aragvadhãth, Laksädi

    Vagbhata

    Aragvadhãth

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    A. macrospea   -[AD]

    A. constricta -[AD]

    alstonia venenata

    Morphology :

    A large tree with 6-8 m. height, whorled branches and bitter milky juice. Grayish bark, rough, lenticellate abounding

    Leaves, in whorls of 5-7, some times 11, glabrous  oblong or obovate oblong obtuse. Pale beneath, whorled phyllotaxy

    Flowers- small, greenish or greenish-yellow fragrant, borne in umbel, corolla tube short.

    Fruits- slender follicles, 30-50 cm long, in pendulous Clusters.

    Seeds: Possessing brown (Flowers from December-march )

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Sub-Himalayan tract, West Bengal, Bihar, Peninsular India and Andamans [In the Himalayas, it grows at a height of 1000 m- this height limit not applicable other place. It is mainly found in Bengal, South India and West coast of India.  

    Chemical constituents :

    indole alkaloids, reserpine, echitamine, Akuammidine (rhazine); picrinjne; strictamjne, tetraliydroalstonine  , norangustilobine,losbanjue alschomine isolschomine alstonamine; echitamine, tubotaiwine, alstonamine scholaricine etc

    Properties :

    Rasa -Tikta, Kasãya

    Guna- Laghu, Snigdha

    Vipãka -Katu

    Virya -Usna

    Karma : Tridosahara, Dipana, Hridya, vrana hara, raktha prasadana

    External uses : It is useful in skin diseases and in wounds. The paste of the bask is applied in putrefied wounds

    Internal uses :

    Digestive system : It stimulates the stomach, acts as an appetizer and also improves peristalsis. It is astringent and anthelmintic while the latex acts as a laxative and that is why ills used in ascites. Detection or the powder of bark is used for loss of appetite, abdominal pain, abdominal lump and dysentery. Bark and leaves increase appetite. Twigs of the free are used for brushing teeth as it bactericidal. Saptaparna is also useful in thread worms and round worm

    Circulatory system : It acts as a blood purifier and cardio tonic. It is useful in splenomegaly, blood disorders and heart diseases.

    Respiratory system : It is helpful in dyspnoea. The powder of flowers is used in headache for nasal administration.

    Reproductive system : It improves appetite and is given to women after delivery. Saptaparna decreases fever, increases lactation and provides strength so women after delivery A mixture of  bark of saptaparna + vacha + ginger + is given to women from the first day of delivery to protect her from lever.

    Skin : It is useful in skin diseases. Juice of the leaves is helpful in skin diseases Mixture of decoction + chopchini is used in skin diseases.

    Temperature : It is antipyretic and is especially useful in malarial fever. Its effect is the same as that of fever. but has no side effects like those of quinine. It is also helpful in reducing the temperature in fever. The paste of bask is applied over inflamed joints in chronic arthritis.

    Indication :

    Krimi, Kustha Vrana Amavãta svãsa, Gulma, süla.

    Digestive, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, antipyretics, depurative, fever, malarial fever, asthma, bronchitis, skin disease, diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, leprosy, debility, ulcers, psoriasis.

    Part used :

    Stem bark, Latex, flower

    Dosage :

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    Powder 2-4 g.

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Saptachhadadi kadha, Saptachhadadi taila, Saptaparna satvadi vati. Saptacchadãdi tailam, Saptacchadadi Kwãtha,                           

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Krmi danta:Dental caries should be filled with latex of Saptapar and Arka Ksira (A.H.Ut22/20)

    (2) Svasa: Juice of Saptaparn flowers is mixed with Pippali and taken with honey(C.S.Ci17/l.14)

    (3) Sañdrameha: Saptapama decoction is useful (S.S.Cil 1/9).

    Research updates – Minimum 3 of past 5 years:

    1. Anticancer potential of Alstonia scholaris bark extract – Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2022

    2. Immunomodulatory activity of Saptaparna extract in animal models – Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2021

    3. Clinical evaluation of Alstonia-based formulation in chronic respiratory disorders – AYU Journal, 2020

     

    About Saptaparna

    Botanical Name

    Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

    Family

    Apocynaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/108

    Parts Used

    Stem bark, Latex, Flowers

    Habitat

    India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, China, Australia

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta, Kashaya

    Guna

    Laghu, Snigdha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Gandaprasarini

    Gandaprasarini

    Botanical Name : Paederia foetida Linn.

    Family : Rubiaceae.

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/106

    Introduction :

    This is an anti-inflammatory drug used in Ayurvedic.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    Hindi : Gandhaprasarani, Pasaran

    Malayalam : Gandhaprasaarini, appinaari

    Sanskrit : Gandhaprasaarini, somaraji

    Tamil : Talanili, Mudiyar Kundal.

    Telugu : Takkeda

    Folk : Gandhabhaaduli

    Synonyms :

    गन्धप्रसारिणी चैव प्रसारिण्यपि कीर्तिता |कटूष्णा दीपनी हृद्या वातकफविनाशिनी ||

    Gañdhãdhyã, Balyã, Rãjabalã, Sarani

    Classification according to Charak, Sushruta, Vagbhata & Bhav prakash:

    Charak – Not mentioned

    Sushruta – Not mentioned

    Vagbhata – Not mentioned

    Bhav Prakash – Haritakyadi Varga

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    1. Merremia tridentate  – [CV]

    2. Laptadenia spartium – [CV]

    3. Convolvulus arvenis – [CV]

    4. P. scandens [CV]

    5. Prasarani – CV (north Indians calls)

    Morphology :

    Glabrous or twining shrub.

    Leaves simple, opposite ovate or lanceolate, acute or cuspidate; 6-8 cm x 2.5- 3.5 cm; petioles 2-3 cm long.

    Flowers- in panicles, 15 cm long, violet coloured flowers.

    Fruit- orbicular, wings pale, 1.0 cm. across.

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Central and Eastern Himalayan ranges, West Bengal.

    Chemical constituents :

    iridoid glycosides, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, ursolic acid, hentriacontane, hentriacontanol, ceryl alcohol, palmitic acid and methyl mercaptan (foul smell)

    Properties :

    Rasa Tikta

    Guna Guru, Sara

    Virya Usna

    Vipaka Katu

    Karma : vrishya,keshya, kandudhna, kushtaghna

    carminative, antiinflammatory, astringent, spasmolytic, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic, antilithic

    Indication :

    Vãta Vyãdhi, Amavãta, Mütrakrcchra

    rheumatic infections, piles,cough, inflammations of the liver, spleen

    Part used :

    Root, leaf

    Dosage :

    Leaf juice 10-15 ml

    Powder 2-4 g

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    External use :

    Analgesic. anti-inflammatory. Therefore it is used in all the vata disorders. It is the best medicine for it

    Internal uses :

    Digestive system : It is an antiflatulent and mild laxative. So it is used in abdominal pain, flatulence and constipation with hard stool. Cooked leaves or the warm paste of leaves is given in abdominal pain.

    Circulatory system : It purifies the blood by its tikta rasa and alleviates vata by its ushna veerya. Therefore it is used in vatarakta.

    Reproductive system : Aphrodisiac by guru property. So used in infertility.

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Amavãta— Prasãriñi decoction, jaggary and Lasuna are fermented together for 7 days and then given orally with Pañchakola curna (C.D.)

    (2) Mutrakrichra— Prasãrini paste is taken with coconut water (V.M.)

    Research updates (past 5 years):

    1. Study on anti-inflammatory activity in rodent models – [Journal Name, Year]

    2. Phytochemical analysis indicating antioxidant potential – [Journal Name, Year]

    3. Clinical evaluation in joint disorders – [Journal Name, Year]

     

    About Gandaprasarini

    Botanical Name

    Paederia foetida L.

    Family

    Rubiaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/106

    Parts Used

    Root, Leaves

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Not Evaluated

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta

    Guna

    Guru, Sara

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • BRAHMADARU

    BRAHMADARU

    Botanical name- Morus alba Linn.
    Family– Moraceae

    Identification No.:SDACH/HG/105
    Vernacular names-
    Hindi name- Shahatoot
    English name- Mulberry (White)
    Telugu and Tamil name- Malbari
    Sanskrit Synonyms
    Tula, Brahmadaru, Kramuka

    Morphology
    The plant is a native of China and presently cultivated in the state of Punjab, Karnataka Uttar Pradesh and North Eastern states of India. It is a fast-growing, small to medium-
    sized tree which grows to 10-20 m tall. The white mulberry is widely cultivated to feed the
    silkworms employed in the commercial production of silk. It is also notable for the
    rapid release of its pollen.

    Rasapanchak
    Rasa (Taste) – Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour)
    Guna (Qualities) – Guru
    Vipaka – Madhura
    Veerya – Sheeta
    Karma – Vata shamaka

    Part used- Leaf, Bark. Fruit
    Dosage-
    Bark powder- 3 to 5 g
    Decoction- 50 to 100 ml

    Chemical composition –
    The plant is rich in phenolics. The leaves contain flavonoids, artocarpin, cycloartocarpin and analogues. The root of the plant contains flavonoids like kuwanons, sangennons, mulberrosides and mulberofurans. The small branches contain mulberrin, fructose, glucose, falvonoid, coumarin, arabinose, xylose, stachyose, sucrose. The fruit contains carotene, vitamins A and C, thamene, riboflavin, tannin, linoleic and stearic acids.

    IUCN Status : Least Concern

    Research Update-

    Antidiabetic Activity (2020) – A study demonstrated that Morus alba leaf extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. (Journal of Ethnopharmacology)

    Neuroprotective Effects (2021) – Fruit extract showed protective effects against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease models through antioxidant mechanisms. (Frontiers in Pharmacology)

    Anti-obesity Potential (2022) – Leaf extract reduced body weight gain, fat accumulation, and improved lipid profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. (Phytotherapy Research)

    Hepatoprotective Activity (2023) – Methanolic extract of Morus alba leaves exhibited significant hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats. (Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy)

    Antimicrobial & Wound Healing (2024) – Leaf and bark extracts were found to accelerate wound healing and showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. (BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies)

    About BRAHMADARU

    Botanical Name

    Morus alba L.

    Family

    Moraceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/105

    Parts Used

    Leaves, Bark, Fruits

    Habitat

    China, India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Madhura, Amla

    Guna

    Guru

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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  • Champaka

    Champaka

    Botanical Name : Michelia champaca Linn.

    Family : Magnoliaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/104

    Introduction :

    Latin name: Michelia = after an Italian botanist; champak = from the Indian name.

    There is a believe about this plant, when this plant reaches the height of house/ home (planted near to home ), a person dies in that house. So people usually in Kerala will not take risk about that, so they cut the upper part of the tree. (  😛 )

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Champak, Golden Champa.

    Hindi : Champa, Champaka

    Kannada : sampige

    Malayalam : Champakam, Chempakam

    Sanskrit : Champakah

    Tamil : Sampagi

    Telugu : Champangi, Champangipuvvu

    Synonyms :

    Champaka, Svarna Champaka, Hemapushpa, Chaampeya

    Classification according to Charak, Sushruta, Vagbhata & Bhavprakash:

    • Charaka: Not specifically mentioned

    • Sushruta: Pippalyadi Varga (used for aromatic and stimulant properties) • Bhavprakash: Haritakyadi Varga

    Morphology :

    An evergreen tree grows up to 8-12 m  height.

    Leaves – simple, alternate, lanceolate-oblong, glabrous above

    Flower – yellowish orange, white, solitary, axillary, fragrant

    Fruit – achene

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Throughout India

    Chemical constituents :

    Liriodenine, sesquiterpene lactones, andmicheliolide, polyisoprenoid, beta-sitostero

    Properties :

    Guna: laghu, ruksha, tikshna;

    Rasa: katu, kashaya, madhur;

    Vipaka: katu;

    Virya: sheeta:

    Karma :

    Hridya, sugandi vahaka, kushtaghna, vrana hara, rakta pittaghnam, chaksusyam, vrishyam, visadam

    bitter, carminative, antispasmodic, demulcent, antiemetic, diuretic ,  antipyretic, purgative,  emmenagogue

    Indication :

    Kandu, kusta, visha, rakta dosham, mutra krichram , daha

    cephalalgia, gout ,rheumatism, head ache

    Part used :

    Whole plant

    Dosage :

    Leaf juice 10-15 ml

    Powder 2-4 g

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    Uses :

    Local application of flowers is done in headache and burning. Internally  it is soothing. hemostatic and antipyretic. The bark is used as a preventive in malarial fever. Flowers are used in dysuria and pyuria.

    Research Updates (Past 5 Years):

    1. Antimicrobial properties of Magnolia champaca flower extract (2021)

    2. Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity (2020)

    3. Role of champaka essential oil in aromatherapy and stress relief (2022)

     

    About Champaka

    Botanical Name

    Michelia champaca L.

    Family

    Magnoliaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/104

    Parts Used

    Whole plant

    Habitat

    India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Katu, Kashaya, Madhura

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Kharjura

    Kharjura

    Botanical Name : Phoenix dactylifera Linn.

    Family : Palmae; Arecaceae.

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/103

    Introduction :

    Latin name: Phoenix = Gk. name of the tree; sylvestris = sylvisticus = of the wood lands.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Edible date palm

    Hindi : Khajur

    Kannada : Khajuri

    Malayalam : Ittapana

    Sanskrit : Khajur

    Tamil : Perichchankay

    Telugu : Karjurakaya

    Unani : Khurmaa, Khajuur, Chhuharaa

    Scientific Classification : Date palms belong to the family Arecaceae (formerly Palmae). The common date palm is classified as Phoenix dactylifera, the sugar date palm as Phoenix sylvestris, the blue date palm as Phoenix zeylanica, and the pygmy date palm as Phoenix roebelenii.

    Classification according to Charak, Sushruta, Vagbhata & Bhav Prakash:

    • Charaka: Phala Varga

    • Sushruta: Phala • Bhav Prakash: Madhura Skandha

    Synonyms :

    खर्जूरः पिण्डखर्जूरो मधुरः स्निग्धशीतलः |वृष्यः पित्तहरः श्लेष्मलो बलकरः परः ||

    Kharjoor; Kharaskandho, Dushpradharsha, Durarooha, Nihshreni, Kashaya,Yavaneshta, haripriya.

    Varieties :

    Phoenix sylvestris

    English name: Date.

    Botanical Description :

    It is a tree growing to a height of 12 to 15 mtrs. Its trunk is straight, grayish and the stalk of the leaves is attached to the trunk.

    Leaves – 15 to 17.5 cm. long. Leaflets – 15 to 30cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, pointed at the tips and arranged opposite to each other. There is one leaflet at the lip of each teal. Each leaf has at its base a thorn which is 10 cm. long. Only the female khajoor plant bears fruits.

    Fruits – 2.5 to 3 cm. long, round and yellowish in colour. On ripening, they become red in colour. The fruit contains an oblong seed, flowers bloom in summer and later on fruiting occurs. Juice obtained horn its trunk is called khajuri. When the juice ferments after some time, it becomes an alcoholic beverage. Jaggary is prepared from its juice.

    Types: 1) Khajoor 2) Pindakharjoor (fruit is big, fleshy. Gostan khajoor). Besides, other varieties like Rajakharjoori, Madhukharjoorl. Bhookharjoort, Sulemani khajoor etc. are also described In the nighantus.

    Habitat :

    All over India. Pindakharjoor is basically from North Africa, Egypt. Syria and Arabasthan. But now a days, it is also cultivated in Punjab and Sindh.

    Chemical composition :

    Pindakharjoor contains iron, mucilagenous substance and calcium.

    Properties :

    Guna: snigdha, guru;

    Rasa: madhur;

    Virya: sheeta;

    Vipaka: madhur;

    Dosha: vatapittashamak.

    External uses :

    Roots are analgesic. In toothache, decoction of the roots is used for gargling or root powder is applied on the tooth,

    Internal uses :

    It alleviates vata and acts as a nervine tonic and a tranquilizer. It is useful in fainting, giddiness, intoxication, lower backache and sciatica. It reduces polydipsia, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness of the heart, cough, asthma, hiccups, seminal weakness and dysuria. In fever, its sherbat is given. Its sherbat is also useful in various debilitating diseases like tuberculosis and fever. Kharjuri is useful in tuberculosis.

    Dose :

    Fruits – 5 to 7; juice – 50 to 100 ml.

    Date Palm :

    Date Palm, common name for several related trees found in tropical regions. The common date palm is native to northern Africa, southwest Asia, and India and is cultivated extensively in hot, dry regions throughout the world. The trunk is straight and rough and grows to a height of up to 18 m (up to 60 ft). It bears a head of waxy-green, barbed leaves, about 3 m (about 9 ft) long, and a number of branching spikes that, on the female tree, bear 200 to 1,000 dates each. A cluster of dates weighs up to 12 kg (up to 25 lb), and the annual yield of a single tree may reach 270 kg (600 lb). The tree begins to bear about the eighth year, reaches maturity at 30 years, and begins to decline at about 100 years. From earliest times, fertilization has been aided by cutting off the male flower cluster just before the stamens ripen and suspending it among the flowers of the female tree.

    In many parts of northern Africa, Iran, and Arabia, date palms are the main wealth of the people, and dates are the chief article of food. The fleshy part of the fruit contains about 58 percent sugar and 2 percent each of fat, protein, and minerals. Leaf stalks are used for basketry and wickerwork, leaves are woven into bags and mats, and fiber from both is made into cordage.

    Another species, the sugar date palm, or toddy palm, is cultivated in India for its sap. The sap may be boiled down to form jaggery, or gur, a crude sugar; or it may be used as a fresh beverage, or to make palm wine, from which arrack, a rumlike liquor, may be distilled. Date palms are often cultivated in the southern United States for ornamental effect in regions too cool for the fruit to ripen. The blue date palm grows in clumps and has silvery blue foliage; the pygmy date palm is a dwarf species that is also popular in the north as a greenhouse plant or houseplant.

    Research updates:

    1. Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract – 2021

    2. Cardioprotective potential of date palm fruits in high-fat diet-induced models – 2022

    3. Antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects of Kharjura in type 2 diabetes – 2023

    About Kharjura

    Botanical Name

    Phoenix dactylifera L.

    Family

    Arecaceae (Palmae)

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/103

    Parts Used

    Fruits, Roots

    Habitat

    India, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan

    IUCN Status

    Not Evaluated

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Madhura

    Guna

    Snigdha, Guru

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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  • Peruka

    Peruka

    Botanical Name : Psidium guajava Linn.

    Family : Myrtaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/102

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Common guva

    Hindi : Amrud, safed saphari

    Kannada : Balehanu, keli

    Malayalam : Pera, koyya

    Sanskrit : Perukah

    Tamil : Koya

    Telugu : Jampandu

    Synonyms :

    Amaruuda

    Uses :

    antidiarrhoeal, dysentery, diabetes, cough and cold,  anthelmintic, hepatitis

    Chemical :

    linoleic acid, vitamin C, flavonol morin, morin-3-O-lyxoside, morin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside

    HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION-

    Grown throughout India upto 1500 m and is cultivated commercially in almost all states including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharshtra, Assam, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu

    Morphology-

    Much branched small or medium sized tree upto 8 m high. Bark smooth, pale pinkish or buff with greyish patches. Leaves 10-15 cm long, simple, opposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong, pellucid-punctate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath.

    IUCN Status : Least Concern

    Research updates – 

    1. Folklore practices of Peruka (Psidium guajava Linn.) in different diseases

    2. Randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of peruka churna pratisarana in management of mukhapaka in children

    About Peruka

    Botanical Name

    Psidium guajava L.

    Family

    Myrtaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/102

    Parts Used

    Fruit, Leaves, Bark, Roots

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Kashaya, Madhura, Amla

    Guna

    Tikshna, Guru

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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  • Peruka

  • Kashtadaru

    Kashtadaru

    Botanical Name : Polyalthia longifolia Thw.

    Family : Annonaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/101

    Introduction :

    This ornamental tree mainly used as adulterant for asoka and devadaru. Actually there is no confusion which plant is asoka, but pharmacy industry considered as ulkalam as one of the synonyms of asoka, and Polyalthia longifolia considered as ulkalam. Then they made use of this plant as asoka. Better to avoid usage of this plant because it causes the cardiac depression.

    Sanskrit Synonyms-

    काष्टदारुः लघुरुक्षस्तिक्तः सकटुको अहिमः । दीपनः कृमिहृत् मेहे ज्वरे कुष्ठे च शस्यते ॥

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Mast tree, Fake Asoka tree, False Devadaru, Cemetry tree

    Hindi : Debdari, asoka

    Kannada : Assoti

    Malayalam : Aranamaram

    Tamil : Asogu, nettilingam

    Telugu : Asokamu

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    Ulkatah  -CV

    Kastadaruh -CV

    used for adulterant as asoka

    Morphology :

    Evergreen ornamental tree, grows 6-10 m height

    Leaves –simple, alternate, undulate margins

    Flower – yellowish

    Fruit- berry

    Distribution & Habitat :

    All over India

    Chemical constituents :

    Clerodane diterpenes, polyalthialdoic acid and kolavenic acid, cytotoxic aporphine alkaloid, liriodenine,

    Karma :

    Febrifuge, cardiac depressing

    Indication :

    Fever, skin disease

    Part used :

    Bark 

    Dosage :

    Powder 2-4 g Decoction 50-100 ml

    IUCN Status: Not Evaluated

    Research Update:

    Uzama D, Ahmadu R, Bwai DM, Thomas SA. Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity Of Polyalthia Longifolia Crude Extracts.

     

    About Kashtadaru

    Botanical Name

    Polyalthia longifolia Thw.

    Family

    Annonaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/001

    Parts Used

    Bark

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Not Evaluated (NE)

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Katu, Tikta

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Putranjiva

    Putranjiva

    Botanical Name : Putranjiva roxburghii Wall

    Family : Euphoriaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/100

    Introduction :

    Latin name : Putranjiva = name of the plant, roxburghii= from Roxburgh – scientist’s name.

    Rosaries of hard stones are used for protecting children from infections. Due to this misleading nomenclature, the “conception-promoting” property has been attributed to the drug in folk medicine.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Child-life tree, Indian Amulet Plant, Spurious Wild Olive

    Hindi : Jivputrak, jiyapota

    Kannada : Aman, putranjiva

    Malayalam : Putranjivi, puttilanji, ponkalam

    Sanskrit : Putranjivah

    Tamil : Karuvilai, kattuppacceri maram

    Telugu : Putranjivika, kuduru

    Folk : Jiyaapotaa

    Synonyms :

    “पुत्रजीवः पुत्रदो जीवको वंशलोचनः। 

    सुतजीवी च पुत्र्यश्च पुत्रदा च प्रकीर्तिता॥” 

    Putranjiva, Putrajivaka, Putrajiva, Yashtipushpa, Arthsaadhana

    Drypetes roxburghii  (Wall.) Hurusawa.

    Morphology :

    A medium sized tree, grows 8-12 m height

    Leaves – simple, alternate, elliptic –oblong

    Flowers- unisexual, axillary

    Fruit – drupe

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Throughout India

    Chemical constituents :

    Isopropyl, 3-butyl isothiocyanates, glucoputranjivin, glucocochlearin, glucojiaputin

    Properties :

    Guna : guru, ruksha;

    Rasa : madhur, lavanna, katu;

    Vipaka katu;

    Virya : sheeta;

    Karma :

    Cakusya, vrishya, vistambi , garbadah, varnaya

    Laxative

    Indication :

    Dah, trishna, slipada, vrana

    Skin diseases, cough, cold

    Part used :

    Whole plant

    Dosage :

    Leaf juice 10-15 ml

    Powder 2-4 g

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    Therapeutic Uses (Amayika Prayoga): 

    External: 

    – Seed oil massage for muscle pain 

    – Leaf paste for skin conditions 

    Internal: 

    – Seed powder (1-3g) for fertility issues 

    – Decoction for respiratory conditions 

    Formulations (Yoga): 

    – Putrajivak Leha 

    – Putrajivak Ghrita 

    IUCN Status: Least Concern 

    Research Updates (Last 5 Years): 

    1. 2020: Fertility-enhancing properties studied 

    2. 2021: Anti-inflammatory activity confirmed 

    3. 2023: Seed oil analyzed for phytoconstituents

    About Putranjiva

    Botanical Name

    Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.

    Family

    Putranjivaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/100

    Parts Used

    Whole plant

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Madhura, Lavana, Katu

    Guna

    Guru, Ruksha

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Putranjiva

    Haritaki

    Botanical Name : Terminalia chebula Retz.

    Family : Combretaceae.

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/099

    Introduction :

    It used for the management of dysurea and constipation, respiratory problems, certain skin disorders, eye diseases etc. The purgative principle is in the pericarp of the fruit.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Chebulic Myrobalan, Black Myrobalan

    Hindi : Harad, hara

    Kannada : Harra, alaekayi

    Malayalam : katukka

    Sanskrit : Haritaki, pathya, abhaya

    Tamil : katukkay

    Telugu : Karakkaya, karitaki

    Unani : Harad, Halelaa siyaah, Halelaa zard, Halelaa Kaabuli

    Synonyms :

    हरीतकी हरीतिका हेमवती अभया पथा। 

    कायस्था पूतना अमृता विजया जीवन्तिका॥ 

    Kaayasthaa, Pathyaa, Shreyasi, Shivaa,Jivanti, Puutanaa,Vijayaa, Abhayaa, Rohini, Chetaki, Amritaa, , Jayã, Haimavati

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    Jvaraghna, Arsoghna, Kãsaghna, Kusthaghna, Prajãsthãpana

    Susrutha

    Amalakyadi, Parusakädi, Triphalã

    Vagbhata

    Parusakãdi, triphala

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    1. Vijayã –  sarva roga (all diseases)

    2. Rohini – Vrana (wound healing)

    3. Pütanã – Pralepa (external application)

    4. Amrtã – purification procedures

    5. Abhayã – Netra rogas (eye  diseases)

    6. Jivanti – Sarva roga (all diseases)

    7. Cetaki. – Sarva roga (all diseases)

    8. Niranjana

    9. Vanaja

    10. Parvatiya

    11. T. pallida –  South India (adulterant )

    12. T. citrina – Assam(adulterant )

    13. Baja haritaki

    14. Chambhari haritaki

    15. Survari haritaki

    Morphology :

    It is a large tree, with rust-coloured or silvery hairs over the younger branchlets etc.

    Leaves- simple, mostly sub opposite, distant, ovate or oblong-ovate, 10-20 cm. long, deciduous in the cold season.

    Flowers- dull-white or yellowish, with a strong offensive smell, in spikes from the upper axils and in small terminal panicles.

    Fruits-obovoid or ellipsoidal from a broad base, glabrous, more or less 5-ribbed when dry.

    (Flowers in April-May and fruits in November-January)

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Abundant in Northern India, also occurs in Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Central India and South India.

    Chemical constituents :

    Shikimic, gallic, triacontanoic , palmitic acids, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, chebulic acid , gallic acid, ellagitannin, terchebulin, punicalagin , teaflavin

    Properties :

    Rasa –Pañca rasa (except Lavana), Kasaya mainly

    Guna -Laghu, Rüksa

    Virya- Usna

    Vipãka -Madhura

    Majja – Madura rasa, snayu – amla rasa, patra – tikta rasa, twak – katu rasa, asthi – kasaya rasa

    Karma : Tridosahara, Anulömana, Rasãyana, Prajãsthapãna, Caksusya, Hrdyã, Lekhana

    Purgative, thermogenic, anti inflammatory, digestive, carminative, diuretic, anodyne.

    Indication :

    Prameha Kustha Vrana Chardi Vãtarakta Mütra Kricchra, Netra roga, Krimi, Hrdroga, Asmari, Klaibya, Kãsasvãsa etc

    flatulence, constipation, fever, cephalgia, diarrhoea, dysentery, cyst, digestive disorders, cardiac disorder, vomiting, leprosy , enlarged liver and spleen, cough and bronchial asthma

    Due to its ruksha properties, it should not be used in patient who am low, malnourished, debilitated, who have lost considerable amount of blood (through blood letting), and pregnant women.

    Vijaya – in all diseases: rohini – used in healing of wounds: abhaya – in diseases of the eyes: jeevanti – useful in all diseases.

    The fruit of haritaki contains five rasas

    1) Madhur (sweet) – the fruit pulp.

    2) Amla (sour) – the bulky portion of the fruit.

    3) Tikta bitter) – seed.

    4) Katu – the coveting of the fruit.

    5) Kashaya (astringent) – the hard portion of the seed.

    Thus haritaki is pancharasatmak. Haritaki is a medicinal herb yet the Ayurvedic texts emphasize the use of haritaki as a medicine which has to be taken regularly. Regularizing the normal functions of the body is also an important function of haritaki. Survari haritaki. chamhhari (or rangari) haritaki and bala haritaki are the types of haritaki used in practice.

    Part used : Fruit

    Dosage :

    Leaf juice 10-15 ml

    Powder 2-4 g

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    Internal uses :

    Nervous System : Useful in weakness of the nerves and brain as well as in vata disorders and diminished vision.

    Digestive System : Useful in loss of appetite, pain in the abdomen, constipation, gulma, ascites, haemorrhoids, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and parasites. It relieves constipation in chronic abdominal diseases and also helps in digestion of “ama”. The bark of haritaki, if eaten after chewing it property in the mouth, improves digestion. Powdered haritaki reduces constipation. A fine powder of haritaki is used as a tooth powder. It strengthens the gums.

    Circulatory system : Since haritaki is raktagami (exhibiting much action on rakta dhatu). it is used in weakness of the heart, vatarakta and other disorders of the blood.

    Respiratory System : Rhinitis (due to constipation), cough, hoaziness  of voice, hiccups and dyspnoea are relieved by haritaki as it reduces congestion:

    Reproductive System : Useful in shukrameha, leucorrhoea and acts as a uterine tonic.

    Urinary System : Useful in dysuria, retention of urine, calculus (Haritakyasthi siddha dugdha) and kaphaj prameha.

    Skin : Useful in erysipelas and other skin disorders, haritaki prevents accumulation of pus in skin diseases and acts as a rasayana. Haritaki  oil is extremely helpful in healing of wounds (especially in burns).

    Temperature : Useful in typhoid fever and also chronic fever.

    Restorative effect : Haritaki acts as a rejuvenator (by clearing the body of various malas). But for producing its rasayan effects, it needs various supportive drayas in different seasons, Varsha (monsoon) . saindhav, sharad – sugar, hemeint (winter) . sunthi, shishir – pippali, vasant (spring) – honey and greeshma (summer) Purgative induced by haritaki is relieved on its own. Baja haritaki is useful in haemorihoids. It helps in clearing the bowels.

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Abhayädi modak, Abahayarishta, Pathyadivatl, Pathyadikadha, Waghrihalitald leha, Agastiharitaki leha, Gandharvaharitaki churna, Abhayarista, Kamsa Haritaki, Pathyádi kvãtha, Triphalã ctrna, Triphala ghiita, Citraka Haritakã, Vaivanara cürna, Harikakileha, Agastya Haritaki.           

    Amayika PrayogaTherapeutic Uses :

    (1) Ajirna- Haritaki is taken with Nimba (V.S.)

    (2) Prameha- Haritaki powder should be given with honey (A.S.Ci.14).

    (3) Amlapitta- Haritaki and Drãksã are taken together (V.M.)

    (4) Upadamsa- Application of paste of Haritaki and Rasãñjana (R.M.)

    IUCN Status: Least Concern 

    Research Updates (Last 5 Years): 

    1. 2021: Neuroprotective effects studied 

    2. 2022: Anti-cancer potential of chebulinic acid 

    3. 2023: Clinical trials for digestive disorders 

    About Haritaki

    Botanical Name

    Terminalia chebula Retz.

    Family

    Combretaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/099

    Parts Used

    Fruit, Bark, Leaves

    Habitat

    India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, China

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Pancha Rasa (except Lavana), Kashaya Pradhana

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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