Shri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College

Category: Dravyaguna Vigyan Blogs

  • Shyonak

    Shyonak

    Botanical Name : Oroxylum indicum Vent.

    Family : Bignoniaceae

     Identification No.: SDACH/HG/068

    Introduction :

    It is one of the important trees included under Dasamula group.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    Hindi : Sonapatha, syona, arlu, pharkhat

    Telugu : Dundilum, pampana

    Tamil : palaiyudaycci

    English : Indian trumpet tree

    Marathi : Tentu

    Gujarat : Tentu

    Bengali : Sona

    Kanada : tattuna

    Malayalam : Palakappyani, payyalanta

    Sanskrit : Syonakah, tuntukah

    Synonyms :

    Shoshana, Tuntuka, Kutannata,Madhukparna, Patrorna, Bhalluka, Prthushimba, Nata

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    sothahara, Sitaprasamana, Anuvãsanopaga

    Susrutha

    Rodhrãdi, Viratarvãdi, Brhat pancamula

    Vagbhata

    Rodhrãdi, Viratarvãdi

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    Calosanthes indica  [AD]

    Ailanthus malabarica – CV

    Morphology :

    A tree about 8-15 m high.

    Leaves— Opposite, very large 90 -180 cm, ternately bipinnate; leaflets ovate entire acuminate peduncle, rachis very soft.swollen at the junction of joints.

    Flowers— in racemes (25 cm long: approx), foetid; fleshy, reddish purple outside, pale yellow within.

    Fruits— Flat capsule, large- linear compressed capsules, septicidally bivalved.

    Seeds— discoid thin, wing hyaline and broad.

    Flowers and fruits during July-November.

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Found in the warmer parts of India (upto 1200 m.). Also cultivated, as an avenue tree.

    Chemical composition :

    Its root bark contains oroxylin. Besides this, one bitter principle, pectin, fats, wax, chlorophyl, astringent principle, citric add. Baicalein, Tetulin, oroxindin, aloe-emodin, Chrysin, 6- methylether of baicalein oroxylium A; p-coumaric acid,.scutellarein-7-rutinoside, prunetin, -sitosterol etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya

    Guna Laghu, Ruksa

    Virya Usna

    Vipãka Katu

    Karma : Kapha-vatahara, Dipana, Grãhi

    Digestive, constipative, diuretic, carminative, stomachic, spasmolytic, astringent, antidiarrhoeal

    Part Used :

    Root bark.

    Dosage :

    Powder 3-6 g, decoction 50-100 ml

    Indications :

    Amavãta, Atisãra, Aruci, Kãsa, Basti vikãra, Vataroga, sotha,

    dropsy, cough, asthma, anorexia, flatulence, gout, vomiting, rheumatoid arthritis, fever, dysentery.

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Shyonak putpak, Brihatpanchamooladi decoction (decoction of bark is not done).  arista, Dasamuladi Kvãtha, syoñaka puapãka, syonãkadi yoga, Mulaka taila, syonaka taila, Himsrãdi yoga.

    Important research work going on :

    (1) diuretic activity

    (2) Spasmogamic action.

    (3) action on ADH

    Therapeutic Uses :

    Nasaroga— Dhuma with satapuspa, Tvak, Balãmüla, syonãka, Eranda, Bilva and Aragvadha mixed with ghee, vasã and bee-wax (A.H.Ut. 20).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Anti-arthritic effects (2020, J. Ethnopharmacol.) 

    2. Antioxidant properties (2021, Phytomedicine) 

    3. Antimicrobial activity (2022, IJPR) 

     

    About Shyonak

    Botanical Name

    Oroxylum indicum Vent.

    Family

    Bignoniaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/068

    Parts Used

    Root bark

    Habitat

    India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Taruni

    Taruni

    Botanical Name : Rosa centifolia Linn.

    Family : Rosaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/067

    Introduction :

    Latin name : Rosa = Latin name, a root word for colour in many languages; centifolia = hundred petals

    Scientific classification: Roses make up the family Rosaceae of the order Rosales. The representative genus is Rosa. Hybrid perpetuals, or remontant roses, are derived mainly from the hybrid species Rosa borboniana; polyantha roses from the hybrid species Rosa rehderana;tea roses from Rosa odorata; and China roses from Rosa odorata andRosa chinensis.

    There were a believe, Prior to the world war scientists artificially created a ‘black rose’,  some people said that would  be a misfortune.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Cabbage Rose, Provence Rose, Hundred-leaved Rose

    Hindi : Gulab

    Kannada : Gulabi,

    Malayalam : Paninir, rosappu

    Sanskrit : Taruni

    Tamil : Iroja, Rajapoo, eros

    Telugu : Gulabi, Rajapoo

    Unani : Gul-e-Surkh

    Synonyms :

    Shatapatri, Shatapatrika, Taruni, Devataruni, Karnikaa, Chaarukesharaa, Laakshaa, Gandhaaddhyaa.

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    Out of the innumerable varieties of rose, twelve are of Indian origin. Others are of foreign origin. They are classified on the basis of their fragrance, urban or wild origin and many other factors.

    Rose, common name for a medium-size family of flowering plants with many important fruit and ornamental species, and for its representative genus. Worldwide in distribution, the rose family contains about 107 genera and 3100 species.

    The rose family is placed in an order with 24 other families. This order is sometimes referred to as the rose order. Other important members of the order include the saxifrage family and the stonecrop family. Another family, the coco-plum family, occurs in the lowland Tropics and contains about 400 species, several of which are used locally for their timber, oilseeds, and fruits. Perhaps the best-known member of the family is the coco plum, found in southern Florida on sandy beaches and swamps; its sweet fruits are made into jelly or preserves.

    Plants of the rose order may vary greatly in habit, from trees to shrubs or often perennial herbs. The leaves usually have stipules (leaflike appendages at the base of the leafstalk) and are often compound. The flowers usually have five sepals (outer floral whorl) and five petals (inner floral whorl) and numerous stamens (male floral organs). The female portion of the flower consists of from one to many pistils, which are free from one another or are variously fused. The ovary or ovaries (egg-producing portion of the pistil) are hypogynous or, more often, perigynous (half-inferior), with the sepals, petals, and stamen borne on the rim of a tubular structure surrounding the ovary base

    Morphology :

    Many varieties have emerged out of hybridization. The shrub is 25 cm. to 3 mt. in height, branches bear

    thorns. Leaves – have serrated margins.

    Flowers have many shades of colours.

    Fruit – oval and becomes red on ripening.

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Garden plant

    Chemical constituents :

    saponin , methionine sulphoxide,citronellol, geraniol, nerol, phenylethanol, linalool,citral.

    Properties :

    Guna : laghu, singdha;

    Rasa : tikta, katu, kashaya. madhur;

    Vipaka : madhur,

    Virya : sheeta

    Karma :

    Ruchya, mukhsopha hara, varnya, cashkuksya

    Cardio tonic, carminative, digestive, astingent,cooling, diuretic

    Indication :

    Daham, peenasa, swasa, kasa

    Ulcers, wounds, fever, skin disease, cough, piles, leucorrhoea, mouth ulcers

    Part used :

    Whole plant

    Dosage :

    Leaf juice 10-15 ml

    Powder 2-4 g

    Decoction 50-100 ml

    External uses :

    It improves complexion and acts as wound healing, deodorant and anti inflammatory. It is therefore useful in disorders of complexion and inflammatory diseases. It removes foul smell of sweat.

    Internal Uses :

    It acts as a brain tonic as well as increases the tone of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a hepatoprotective and is useful in all digestive disorders like diarrhoea and dysentery. It is useful in diseases of the heart, bleeding disorders and other blood diseases, It is useful in fever and burning sensation. Rose buds increase the bulk of solid excrete It is also useful in impotency

    IUCN Status: Not Evaluated

     

    About Taruni

    Botanical Name

    Rosa centifolia Linn.

    Family

    Rosaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/067

    Parts Used

    Whole plant

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Not Evaluated (NE)

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta, Katu, Kashaya, Madhura

    Guna

    Laghu, Snigdha

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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  • Tulsi

    Tulsi

    Botanical Name : Ocimum sanctum Linn.

    Family : Labiatae; Lamiaceae.

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/066

    Introduction :

    Tulasi manily used for preparing cough syrup. It have mainly two variety.

    Scientific classification: Basil belongs to the family Lamiaceae (formerly Labiatae). Sweet basil is classified as Ocimum basilicum and bush basil as Ocimum minimum. Mountain mints are classified in the genus Pycnanthemum.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Indian Basil/Holy basil, sacred Basil

    Hindi : Tulsi

    Malayalam : Tulsi, trittav, Krishna tulsi

    Sanskrit : Tulsi , surasah

    Tamil : Tulsi

    Telugu : Tulsi

    Unani : Tulsi

    Synonyms :

    Surasaa, Surasa, Bhuutaghni, Suravalli, Sulabhaa, Manjarikaa, Bahumanjari, Deva dundubhi, Apet-raakshasi, Shuulaghni, Graamya, Sulabhaa

    Ocimum  tenuiflorum Linn.

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    Svãsahara

    Susrutha

    Surasãdi

    Vagbhata

    Surasãdi

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    1. sukla Tulasi (O. americanum Linn.)

    2.  Krisna Tulasi (O. sanctum Linn.)

    3. O. basilicum— rama tulasi

    4. O. minimum

    5. O. gratissirnum Linn

    6. O. klimendScharicum.—  karpoora tulasi

    Morphology :

    Branched, aromatic under shrub 30-50 cm high, sometimes  woody, hairy.

    Leaves—simple, opposite,  oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, – entire or subserrate. Petioles slender hairy

    Flowers— very small, borne in terminal and axillary racemes.

    Fruits— subglobose or broadly oblong nutlets.

    Flowers and fruits almost throughout the year (mainly during September-February).

    Habitat & Distribution :

    Found throughout India. Now being cultivated extensively.

    Chemical Constituents :

    eugenol, carvacrol, nerol, eugenolmethylether, Bornyl acetate, cadinene, camphene, camphor, carvacrol, beta-caryophellene, eugenol, eugenol methyl ether, humelene, methyl chavicol, limonene etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa- Katu, Tikta

    Guna -Laghu, Rüksa

    Virya –  Usna

    Vipäka-  Katu

    Karma Kapha-vãtahara Dipana, Krimighna Putigandhahara

    Digestive, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, aromatic, carminative, stomachic, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, antirheumatic, stimulant, hepatoprotective, antiperiodic, antipyretic and diaphoretic

    Indications :

    Hikkä, Kãsa, svãsa, Visaroga, Parvasüla, Krimi, Visama Jvara.

    asthma, cardiopathy, otalgia, bronchitis, hiccough, fever, vomiting, lumbago,skin disease, fever, cough, psychosis

    Part Used :

    Leaf, root, seed.

    Dosage :

    Fresh juice 10-20 ml, root decoction 50-100 ml, seed 3-6 g.

    External uses :

    Because of its insecticidal, deodorant, stimulant, vatahara and oedema relieving actions, the paste of the leaves is useful in chronic ulcers, oedema and pain. Scrubbing of the juice on the skin improves the intradermal circulation. Juice is also used as eardrops in earache.

    Internal uses :

    Digestive system : Being an appetizer, digestive, laxative and anthelmintic. it is used in anorexia. abdominal pain and helminthiasis. Tulsi seeds are soaked in water and slimy kheer is prepared from it which is given in dysentery. Tulsi leaves should be chewed in pyorrhoea.

    Circulatory system : Since it is a cardiac stimulant, blood purifier and anti-inflammatory, it is used in cardiac debility. vatakapha disorders of blood and inflammations.

    Respiratory system : Tulsi has a main action on respiratory system. When tulsi leaves are given with honey, they act as an expectorant and alleviate the symptoms like cough induced by kapha. dyspnoea and fever. Tulsi is a very good home remedy for common symptoms like lever, cold and cough.

    Urinary system : Tulsi seed is diuretic. It alleviates gonorrhoea, dysuria, burning micturation, cystitis, calculi and also urethritis.

    Skin : Diaphoretic, effective in skin diseases, Hence it is used in fever and particularly in ringworm infection, eczema and scabies. The paste of tulsi leaves and black pepper is effective in ringworm infection (It is worn with red. hibiscus flowers in a gadded for Ganeshpooja).

    Temperature : Febrifuge. Useful in fever with chills and intermittent fever. Decoction of tulsi leaves is also useful in chronic fever,

    Satmikaran : Seed is a tonic, Kheer prepared from the seeds should be used in debility due to pittadosha.

    Formulations : Tulsi leaves are being used for trituration in preparing many Ayurvedic formulations. (It may ad as a preservative).

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Surasadigana Kasaya, Surasãdi taila, Tumburvãdi yoga, Nimbãdi lepa, Sahacarãdi taila, vilwadi gulika, tulasi patradi tailm.

    Important research work going on :

    (1) Antifertility activity

    (2) Biochemical clearance

    (3) Hypoglycaemic effect

    (4) Hypo- tensive effect

    (5) Mosquito larvicidal as well as mosquito-repellent action

    (6) Antibacterial activity

    (7) Antifungal activity

    (8) Antiviral activity

    (9) Anti-stress activity

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Kaphaja Kasa— Fresh juice of Krishna Tulsi is given with honey (C.S.Ci. 18).

    (2) Makkalasula— juice of Tulasi leaves is taken with old jaggery and Manda (G.N.)

    (3) Paksmasãta— A copper vessel is impregnated with paste of Puspa Kãsisa mixed with Tulasi juice and left for 10 days. After wards that paste is collected and used as Añjana (A.H.Ut. 9/20).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates : 

    1. Immunomodulatory effects (2020, J. Ethnopharmacol.) 

    2. Antidiabetic activity (2021, Phytomedicine) 

    3. Antiviral properties against respiratory viruses (2022, IJPR) 

    About Tulsi

    Botanical Name

    Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.)

    Family

    Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/066

    Parts Used

    Leaves, Root, Seeds

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Katu, Tikta

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • VATA

    VATA

    Botanical Name : Ficus benghalensis Linn

    Family : Moraceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/065

    Introduction :

    It is one of the good medicine useful for skin disease. This is one of the plant can act as key stone species of the forest.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Banyan tree

    Hindi : Bat, bargad

    Kannada : Ala

    Malayalam : Peral, vatavriksham

    Sanskrit : Nyagrodha

    Tamil : Alamaram, peral

    Telugu : peddamarri

    Unani : Bargad, Darakht-e-Reesh

    Synonyms :

    “Vaṭaḥ plakṣaḥ nyagrodhaḥ skandhajūṭaḥ kuṭumburuḥ” 

    (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Vatadi Varga, Shloka 30) 

    Vata, Nyagrodha, Bahupaada, Dhruv.

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    Ficus Elastica

    ficus glomerata

    Morphology :

    Large sized tree grows up to 30 m height, it have aerial roots, to to this it can spread large number of branches even hectares.

    Leaves – simple, alternate, broadly elliptic

    Flower- hypanthodium  inflorescence

    Fruit – axillary , sessile , reddish when ripe

    Distribution & Habitat :

    All over India

    Chemical constituents :

    Phytosterolin, bengalenoside, flavonoid glycosides, leucocyanidin and leucopelargonidin

    Properties :

    RASA-kashaya, madhura

    GUNA-guru

    VIRYA-sitha

    VIPAKA-katu

    Karma :

    Grahi, stanbana,  vrana hara, sophahara, varnya, vataprakopanam

    Acrid, depurative, ophthalmic, antiarthritic , anti emetic

    Indication :

    diabetes, dysentery, and in seminal weakness, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, nervous disorders, erysipelas, burning sensation

    Milky juice and seeds—applied topically to sores, ulcers, cracked soles of the feet, rheumatic inflammations.

    Buds—a decoction in milk is given in haemorrhages.

    Part used :

    Root, aerial root, leaves , bark, latex, fruit

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Panchavalkaladi ghridha and taila, naalpamaradi kashya and taila

    Therapeutic Uses :

    Leaves— useful for promoting suppuration in abscess.

    Bark decoction useful in skin disease

    Fruit juice useful in stop vomiting.

    IUCN Status : Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Hypoglycemic effects (2020, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.) 

    2. Wound healing latex (2021, IJNPR) 

    3. Anti-arthritic activity (2023, AJAY)

    About VATA

    Botanical Name

    Ficus benghalensis Linn.

    Family

    Moraceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/065

    Parts Used

    Root, aerial root, leaves, bark, latex, fruit

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Kashaya, Madhura

    Guna

    Guru

    Virya

    Sheeta

    Vipãka

    Katu

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    Aragwadha

    Botanical Name: Cassia fistula Linn.

    Family: Caesalpiniaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/001

    Introduction: In Vedic literature the dried branches of Aragvadha are used for ritual performance Several external applications containing Aragvadha are mentioned in  Ayurveda ( psoriasis etc.)

    Scientific classification: Sennas belong to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae). Alexandrian senna is classified as Cassia acutifolia. The species from which tinnivelly, or Indian senna, is obtained is classified as Cassia angustifolia

    Names in different Indian languages:

    English : Indian Laburnum,Purging Cassia,Golden Shower

    Hindi: Amaltas,girimala

    Kannada: Phallus,kakke,kakke mara

    Malayalam: Konna,kanikonna

    Sanskrit: Aaragvadha

    Tamil: Sarakkonrai

    Telugu: Rela,kondrakaya,aragvadamu

    Synonyms:

    Chaturaangula, Kritamaala, Kritmaalaka, Karnikaara, Shampaaka, Praagraha, Raajvrksha, Nripapaadapa, Raajadruma, Vyaadhighaataka, Aarevata.

    Cassia rhombifolia Roxb

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata:

    Charaka: Kusthaghna, Kandüghna, Tiktaskandha, Virechana

    Susrutha: Aragvadhadi, Syamadi, Slesmasamsamana, Adhobhagahara

    Vagbhata: Aragvadhãdi, syãmadi

     Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants):

    1.Karnikara

    2.Pãlevatam

    3. Madhura (sweet)

    4. Amla (sour)

    5. praravata-  Psidium guyava

    6. Garcinia mangostan.

    Cassia roxburghii – AD

    Morphology:

    It is moderate-sized tree, 10-12 m. in height.

    Bark- greenish-grey, smooth when young then brick-red.

    Leaves- paripinnate, 4-8 pairs, ovate, acute, bright green, glabrous above, silvery pubescent beneath. 10-15 cm long

    Leaflets 4-8 pairs, about 2-5 cm, acuminate, ovate-lanceolate.

    Flowers- in lax pendulous racemes, yellow, fragrant.

    Pods- cylindrical, pendulous, indehiscent, 25-30 cm long and 2-3.0 cm diam.

    Seeds- numerous, small, flat, smooth, yellowish-grey

    surrounded by black pulp when ripen pulp will be sweet.

    (Flowers in March-May and fruits in May).

    Habitat  & Distribution:

    All over India, Srilanka, Nepal

    Chemical composition:

    Anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A and B, rhein

    Pulp glucose 60%, glutin. pectin, dyes, calcium oxalate. minerals. gum and water.

    Seeds- sugars, galactomannan

    Flowers- fistulin, leucopelargonidin tetrarner, kaempfer oil

    Pods- fistulic acid  Bark & Heart wood- barbl Oil, fistucacidin, etc.

     Leaves- Rhein, sennosides A & B

    Properties:

    Rasa :  Madhura

    Guna : Madura, Guru, Snigdha

    Virya : Sita

    (Usna: Dhanvañtari Nighandu)

    Vipãka: Madhura

     Karma : Kapha-pittahara , kushtaghna, arsoghna, vrana hara

    Laxative, blood purifier, febrifugal, astringent, antibilious.

    Indications:

     Kustha, Prameha, Hrdroga, Amavãta, Gandamãlã, Kãmalã, Udara, Udãvarta, Vatarakta, Sula, Jvara

    Constipation, colic, chlorosis and urinary disorders,gout, skin disease, psoriasis, fever

    External uses:

     It is anti-inflammatory,analgesic.

    The pulp and leaf paste are used in nodular oedema & gout. rheumatoid arthritis etc.

    The decoction is used for gargling in diseases of oral cavity and throat,

    Leaf paste is used in skin disease and itching.

    Internal uses:

    Nervous system: It is analgesic by vatahara property, so useful in vata diseases.

    Digestive system: It is bitter so improves taste, It is a liver stimulant and purgative by snigtha properties. It is a mild purgative drug and is useful in constipation and jaundice.

    Circulatory system: It is cardioprotective, antiinflammatory, purifies blood so useful in heart disease, haemorrhagic ditorders, gout and swellings.

    Respiratory system: As it is madhur, snigdha, removes kapha and soothes internal organs by mridu property, in dry cough and dyspnoea flower’s avaleha is given.

    Urinary system: Diuretic by sheeta properly. It  soothes the urinary tract. Seeds are antidiabetic

    Skin: Kushthaghna and refrigerant, so used in skin disease and burning.

    Temperature: It is antipyretic, so used in fever and purgation. Its bitter taste works in digestion and is pittashamak. Bark of root is used in fever.

    Srotogamitwa:

    Dosha : Pitta. kaphaghatna ,liver stimulant

    Mala: Purgative.

    Parts used: 

    Root bark, leaves, flowers,fruit pulp

    Dosage:

    Decoction of root bark 75-100 ml.

     Flower paste 6-10 g

    Important Yogas or Formulations:

    Aragvadhadi taila, Arngvadhadi leha, Aragvadharishta..

    Therapeutic Uses:

    1. Kãmalã- Aragvadha (fruit pulp) is given with the juice of sugarcane or vidari or Amalaki after fortifying with Trikatu. (A.H.)

    2. Gandamãlã- Root bark of Aragvadhã is grinded with rice-water and used for Nasya and lepa (V.M.)

    3. Kustha- Leaves of Aragvadhä are made into paste with Amãlaka and applied externally.

    IUCN Status  – Least Concern (Not threatened)

    Research Updates (Past 5 Years)

    1. Antidiabetic Activity (2021): Study confirmed hypoglycemic effect of C. fistula pulp extract.

    2. Antimicrobial (2022): Pod extract showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.

    3. Hepatoprotective (2023): Bark extract reduced liver toxicity in animal models.

    About Aragwadha

    Botanical Name

    Cassia fistula Linn.

    Family

    Caesalpiniaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/001

    Parts Used

    Root bark, Leaves, Flowers, Fruit pulp

    Habitat

    India, Sri Lanka, Nepal

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Madhura

    Guna

    Madura, Guru, Snigdha

    Virya

    Sita

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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    VATA

  • Sirisa

    Sirisa

    Botanical Name : Albizia lebbeck (Linn.)Benth.

    Family : Mimosaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/064

    Introduction :

    Vedic literature extensively quoted sirisa among the Sãnta Vrksas. In sustra stana describes it is one of the best plants for Danta Kãsthas (tooth brushes).

    Scientific classification : The albizias are members of the subfamily Mimosoideae, family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae). The silk tree is classified as Albizia julibrissin, and the plume albizia is classified as Paraserianthes lophantha.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Siris tree

    Hindi : Siris

    Kanada : Begemara

    Sanskrit : SIRISA

    Malayalam : Nenmenivaka, vaka

    Tamil : Vakai, siridam

    Telugu : Dirisana

    Marathi : Siras

    Punjabi : siri

    Gujarathi : sarsado

    Bengali : sirosh

    Synonyms :

    “Śirīṣaḥ śītalaḥ kāṣṭhaḥ śvetapuṣpaḥ suvarnakaḥ” 

    (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Vatadi Varga, Shloka 45) 

    Kapitanch; Mridu pupa, Bhandi, Bhandirah, Sukataru, Suka priya,Suka pupa,  Bhandila, Shitapushpa, Mridupushpa, Kapitana

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    Visaghna, Vedanãsthapana, sirovirecana, Kasãya skañdha

    Susrutha

    Sãlasärãdi

    Vagbhata

    Asanãdi

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    1. Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. – Krsa Sirisa

    2. A. odoratissima Benth. – Krsa Sirisa

    3. A.  procera (Roxb.) –  sveta sirisa

    4. A.lucida Benth

    5. Kantaki sirisa.

    6. Albizzia julibrissin

    Albizia julibrissin rosea

    Morphology :

    It is a deciduous, erect, spreading tree, growing to 18 -20 m. height.  With umbrella shaped crown.

    Bark- rough cracked, dark-brown to greenish-black with transverse and longitudinal striations inside.

    Leaves- compound, bipinnate 2-4 pairs, with 8-18 leaflets , glands between the bases.

    Flowers – Inflorescence- in globose heads of greenish-yellow flowers,

    Fruits- pods, yellowish-brown, with 6-10 seeds.

    Seeds- 4-12, pale brown, ellipsoid, oblong, compressed

    (Flowers during rainy season and fruits during winter).

    Distribution & Habitat :

    All over India, from the plains up to 1800m. the Himalayas; also in the Andamans

    Chemical constituents :

    Triterpenoids , triterpenoid saponins; oleanolic acid, albigenic acid, albigenin, acacic acid.

    Bark- condensed tannins viz., D-catechin, lebbecacidin, (-) melacacidin, friedelin,  beta-sitosterol.

    Heart wood- Lebbecacidin, leucopelargonidin, melacacidin, melanoxetin, okanin, (+) pinitol

    Seeds- Proteins, amino acids

    Flowers- benzyl alcohol, benzok acid, p-nitrobenzoate etc.

    Leaves- caffeic acid, kaempferol, mynicitrin, reynoutnin etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa  – Kasaya, Tikta, Madhura

    Guna -Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna

    Vipãka-Katu

    Virya- Usna (Anusna)

    Karma : Tridosahara, Varnya, Visaghna, sotha hara,

    Expectorant, anti – inflammatory, Antiseptic, antibacterial, antiallergic, antidermatosis, antidysenteric

    Indications :

    Visa roga, Kãsa, Vrana, Visarpa, Kustha, Krimi, pamara kushta,

    asthma, leucoderma, erysipelas, sprains, ulcers, neuralgia, diarrhea, catarrh, seminal weakness,piles, bronchitis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, skin disease

    Part Used :

    Stem bark, seeds, flower, leaves

    Dosage :

    Powder 3-6 g; decoction 50-100 ml; fresh juice 10-15 ml.

    External uses :

    Anti-inflammatory, analgesic. antitoxic. beneficial to complexion, and beneficial to eyes. Seed paste is applied in kushtta – dermatoses and in wounds, bark paste is applied. In toothache and looseness of tooth – gargling with bark decoction is done. It is also applied externally in various types of poisoning & eyes diseases like night blindness.

    Internal uses :

    Digestive system : Astringent, but in high doses vomiting occurs. Bark powder gives strength to the gums.

    Circulatory system : Purifies blood, anti-inflammatory, useful in blood diseases, herpes. inflammation, lymphadenopathy. In all these diseases, bark decoction or seed powder is given.

    Respiratory system: Shirovirechan (nasya) and kaphaghna. Therefore used in cough etc. In chronic kaphaja jwar seed powder is used for pradhama nasya (nasal administration). In asthma. flowers reduces the headache in migraine.

    Reproductive system : In poor semen quality, seed powder with milk is given for vitalization. Powers are used in delayed menstruation or delaying ejaculation.

    Skin : In dermatitis  seed powder is used.

    Satmikaran Antitoxic : In organic and inorganic poisoning, bark decoction or seed powder

    Important Yogas or Formulations :

    sirisãrista, Panca sirisa ghrta, Pañcasirisagadah; Mahashireesh Agad, Shireesharishla.

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Sarpavisa– sveta Marica soaked in sirisa flower juice for 7 days is used for Nasya, Pänna and Anjana (C.S.Ci.33 & Vr.Mã.).

    (2) Suryavarta & Ardhãvabhedaka- Nasya of the seeds of sirisa & Mulaka may be useful (S.S.Ut.26 & V.M.)

    (3) Kustha- Paste of the bark of sirisa is useful (C.S.Ci.7 & A.H.Ci.19).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Anti-allergic effects (2020, J. Ethnopharmacol.) 

    2. Antivenom properties (2021, Toxicon) 

    3. Bronchodilatory activity (2022, IJPR) 

    About Sirisa

    Botanical Name

    Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

    Family

    Fabaceae (Mimosaceae)

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/064

    Parts Used

    Stem bark, seeds, flowers, leaves

    Habitat

    India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

    Virya

    Ushna (Anushna)

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Swarnaksiri

    Swarnaksiri

    Botanical Name : Argemone mexicana Linn.

    Family : Papaveraceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/063 

    Introduction :

    Latin name : Argemone – Gk word Argema = cataract of the eye. This was a reputed cure; mexicana = of Mexico. English name Yellow thistle, Prickly or Mexican poppy.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Prickly Poppy, Mexican Poppy

    Hindi : Bhatbhamt, pharamgi dhattura

    Kannada : Arasina, unmatta, datturigida

    Malayalam : Ponnummattu, kanddankattari

    Sanskrit : Swarnaksiri, brahmadanti

    Tamil : Piramathandu, Kudiyotti

    Telugu : Brahmadandicettu

    Unani : Satyaanaashi

    Synonyms :

    “Svarṇakṣīrī brahmadaṇḍāḥ katviḥ pītā satyanāśikā” 

    (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Shloka 210) 

    Katuparni, Svarnkshiri, Kaanchan-kshiri, Pitadugdhaa. Hemaahvaa, Himaavati, Hemavati

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    Tricholepis glaberrima – CV

    Morphology :

    A thorny shrub 6-9 cms. high and oozes yellow latex if cut anywhere:

    Leaves – long, thorny with irregular margins and white striations. Flowers – yellow with fivetender petals.

    Fruit – round, 4-6 cms. in size.

    Seed – like mustard seeds, black and numerous. They make noise like alcotol when put in the fire

    This annual veedy herb, grows to a height of from i to 3 feet. Root long, subcylindrical ; stem erect, branching, prickly-bristled, and furnished, as the rest of the plant, with a gamboge-yellow milky juice. Leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate in general outline, sinuate lobed, spiny toothed, and blotched or striped with white along the principal veins. Iifloreseenee solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, and terminal; bads erect, pqdunculate flowers large, yellow, or rarely white., roundish, acuminate, often prickly, very fugacious. Petals 4 to 6, 2. e., twice as many as the sepals, roundish, more or less crumpled in the bud. Stamens indefinitely numerous; filaments filiform, greatly attenuated at the apex; anthers large, innate. Ovary strictly 1-celled; style almost none;, stellate-radiate, purple, velvety on the receptive surface; lobes reflexed. .P’-uit an oblong-ovate, prickly pod, opening by 3 to 6 valves at the apex, leaving a skeleton of from 3 to 6 filiform placentm in the shape of the original pod; seeds globular, crested, and pitted

    Distribution & Habitat :

    All over India, but mainly on islands.

    Chemical constituents :

    Isoquinoline, berberine , protopine, Sanguinarine

    Properties :

    RASA-tikta

    GUNA-laghu, sara

    VIRYA-ushna

    VIPAKA-katu

    Karma : virechan, kanduvinasaka,

    epidemic dropsy, diarrhea, induces toxicity, purgation, sedative

    Indication :

    Kandu, krimi, sopham,, vataraktam

    Latex. is useful in blood disorders, syphillis, oedema, dysuria. pyuria. caculi. dermatoses and typhoid.

    Powdered seeds – useful in cold, cough and asthma.

    Part used :

    Latex, seed, oil

    Dosage :

    Powdered roots – 1 to 2 gms; powdered

    seeds – 2 to 3 gms; latex – 10 to 12 drops; oil – 25 to 40 drops and juice -5 to 10 ml.

    External uses :

    Latex, juice and seed oil has wound cleaning and healing properties and cure dermatoses. Root ground into paste is applied on inflammation and scorpion sting. Local application of an oil or paste of seeds is useful in osteoarthritis.

    Mixture of 1 drop of latex and ghee is used as an eye drops in nightbindness and ulcers in the eye -Gana Nighantu.

    Internal uses :

    Being a laxative, extract of the whole plant or seed oil is used in constipation. flatulence and abdominal pain. 3 to 4 gms of powdered roots is given in tapeworm infestation. (It dose not develope laxation always but causes nausea and sometimes vomiting.)

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Antimicrobial latex properties (2019, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.) 

    2. Toxicity studies (2021, IJNPR) 

    3. Wound healing activity (2023, AJAY)

     

    About Swarnaksiri

    Botanical Name

    Argemone mexicana L.

    Family

    Papaveraceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/063

    Parts Used

    Latex, seeds, seed oil

    Habitat

    India, Mexico

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta

    Guna

    Laghu, Sara

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Karpur

    Karpur

    Botanical Name : Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Nees & Eberm.

    Family : Lauraceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/062

    Introduction :

    Karpura used for external application (Anulepana) and for offerings to god. It show sedative action on CNS. It is better to use small quantity, large quantity will be act as poison.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    English : Camphor tree

    Hindi : Kapur

    Kannada : karpura

    Malayalam : Karpuram,pacca karpuram

    Sanskrit : karpurah

    Tamil : karpuram

    Telugu : Karpuramu,pacca karpuram

    Unani : Kaafoor

    Synonyms :

    “Karpūraḥ śītalaḥ śveto ghanasāraḥ sugandhikaḥ | 

    Himavalukaḥ śītarūkaḥ śītavarṇo himāśayaḥ ||”

    (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, Shloka 1) 

    Ghanasaara, Chandra, Chandra Prabhaa, Sitaabhra, Hima-valukaa, Himopala, Himakara, Shashi, Indu, Tushaara, Gandhadravya, Shitalraja.

    Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) :

    1. Bhimseni or Barãs Karpüra (D. camphora).

    2. Cmi or Japani Karpura (Cinnamomum camphora)

    3. Patri or Nagi KarpUra — Blumea balsamifera;

    4. Krtrima Karpura— Synthetic variety

    5. Blumea lacera;

    6. Blumea densifiora

    7. Ocimum kilimandscharicum

    8. Limnophila gratioloides

    9. Potãsa

    10. Bhimasena

    11. sitakara

    12. sankaravasa

    13. Pamgu

    14. Pinja

    15. Abdosãra

    16. Himayuta

    17. Vãlukã

    18. Jãtikã

    19. Tusãra

    20. Hima

    21. Sitala

    22. Pakkika.

    23. Pachaa karpuram.

    Camphor and Camphor Oil— Camphor is formed in the oil cells distributed in all parts of the tree. These cells are filled with clear yellow oil from which camphor is slowly deposited. The oil progressively becomes colourless and volatile, and irregular light masses of camphor appear. Due to loss of resistance to permeability, the oil passes through the cell walls into other cavities in the tissues. Camphor can be distilled from all parts of the tree i.e., from chips of wood, stem, root, branches, twigs and leaves (even from fallen leaves).

    Morphology :

    A large ever green tree, 30 m high

    Bark— aromatic. Wood moderately hard, yellowish-brown;

    Leaves— Coriaceous, glaucous, aromatic, 3-veined, 5-10 cm long.

    Flowers— small, unisexual (female larger than male flowers).

    Fruit— dry, globose, ovoid.

    Flowering and fruiting during March-April.

    Habitat & Distribution :

    Native of China, Japan and Taiwan— Introduced into India as ornamental plant and as a source of camphor. Now being cultivated in India.

    Chemical Constituents :

    Campher, campherol, cineol, pinene. camphene, dipentene, terpineol, candinene, safrole, camphoracene, laurolitsine, reticuline etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa Tikta, Katu, Madhura

    Guna Laghu, Ruksa

    Virya  sita

    Vipäka Katu

    Karma Kaphahara, Pãcana, Hrdya, Vrsya, Caksusya, Visaghna, Madakãri

    carminative, expectorant , stimulant of heart and circulation , sedative and nervous depressant

    Indications :

     Krimi, Kustha, Kandü, Mukha vairasya, Netra Vikara.

    convulsions, hysteria, epilepsy, chorea, rheumatism, cough, asthma

    Part Used :

    Niryasa (extract)

    Dosage :

    125-375 mg.

    External use :

    Local application of karpoor is sharp deodorant, analgesic and beneficial to the eyes Initially it stimulates the local blood vessels but then it constricts them, so one experiences a feeling of cold, It can be used in the form of ointment in wounds; camphor oil mixed with various oils is used for massage in amavata (arthritis), joint pains, cough, chest pain and other diseases like pneumonia. It is also useful in skin disorders like oedema. Solution of camphor and peppermint etc. helps in local pain for e.g. stinging pain). Various kajals which are used in eye disorders contain camphor; tooth powders are made with camphor or camphor solution is used in pyorrhoea, toothache. Nasya helps in chronic rhinitis. Inhalation of camphor helps too. Paste made in milk relieves fever , and headache caused by pitta. Various balms used in headaches contain camphor.

    Internal use :

    Nervous system : In a low dose it is a brain tonic and an analgesic. When administered it causes an initial excitation but then ads as a sedative, thus relieving convulsions. Camphor is used as a respiratory stimulant. It is also used in impairment of brain function. vata disorders, hysteria and convulsions.

    Digestive system : Being fragrant, it relieves bad breath. In the mouth it first feels cold then warm. It increases salivation and improves taste. Also improves appetite and digestion by stimulating digestive glands in the stomach. Being vermicidal, it is used in helmenthiasis. Higher doses cause nausea and vomiting. It is used in various oral disorders. In addition to diarrhoea, colitis, cholera, it Is also used in renal diseases. (Amritadhara – camphor, Asmantara – thymol).

    Circulatory system : Cardiac stimulant and protective. It is a vasoconstrictor so it increases the blood pressure. It regulerises the heart rate in cardiac arrhythmia or brachycardia. It dilates the subcutaneous vessels, so it is used as a cardiac tonic in cardiac hypertrophy and sannipata jwara  i. e. fever caused by all the three doshas.

    Respiratory system : It increases the blood circulation in the mucus membrane of the respiratory system and is an expectorant; thus it acts as a demulcent. 

    Urinary system : As it is excreted through urinary tract, it increases the volume of urine. Being a diuretic and antiseptic, camphor is used in dysuria and gonorrhoea.

    Reproductive system : Aphrodisiac in lower dose but higher dose causes the reverse action. It should be given In a lower dose in infertility. Paste is applied on the breast or it is used orally in galactorrhoea.

    Skin : It is used In burning of skin and skin diseases Ointment of camphor and sulphur is used in scabies.

    Temperature : Due to its diaphoretic properly, it is used either internally or externally in fever. To alleviate thirst induced by fever, camphor is put in drinking water.

    Satmikaran : It has a soaping action by laghu and tikshna gunas It is also an antidote. It is used in lipid disorders and various toxicities either external or internal.

    Excretion Skin, lungs and urinary tract.

    Mode of administration : It is given in milk with sugar, these being the best anupanas of camphor. Excess camphor develops pain in abdomen, nausea, vomiting, giddiness, blindness, convulsions, cyanosis. urine retention, coma and death too. Camphor takers for many days causes weakness and anaemia. In the toxicity of camphor, emesis, stomach wash and purgation should be given. Then stimulants like kasturi, amber etc. are given.

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Karpoorasav, Amritadhara, Amritahindu, Candraprabhavat; Hingu Karpiravati, Karpurãdi taila.

    Important research work going on :

    (1) Diarrhoea and dysentery

    (2) Antifungal activity

    (3) Diaphoretic and antihelmintic action

    (4) Action on  spleen and liver

    (5) Anti-bacterial activity

    (6) Sedative action

    (7) Antispasmodic action

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Avrana sukla— Camphor is mixed with Vata ksira and applied as Anjana (V.S.)

    (2) Mutrãghata— Camphor is to be introduced into the urethra (C.D.).

    (3) Svãsa— Camphor is made into pills with jaggery and taken orally (S.B.M.)

    (4) Sadyo Vrana— Camphor and ghee are mixed and applied over the wound ant bandage is applied over it (R.M.).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates (Past 5 Years): 

    1. Antimicrobial activity of camphor oil (2020, J. Ethnopharmacol.) 

    2. Neuroprotective effects (2021, Phytomedicine) 

    3. Anti-inflammatory properties (2022, IJPR) 

     

    About Karpur

    Botanical Name

    Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl

    Family

    Lauraceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/062

    Parts Used

    Niryasa (Camphor extract)

    Habitat

    China, Japan, Taiwan, India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta, Katu, Madhura

    Guna

    Laghu, Ruksha

    Virya

    Sita

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Gambhari

    Gambhari

    Botanical Name : Gmelina arborea Roxb.

    Family : Verbenaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/061

    Introduction :

    Kãsmarya is important among the trees used in Yajña. one of the plants in dasamoola. Its fruit is one among the ‘Madhura Triphalã (three sweet fruits).It is Brmhana, Vrsya and Rasãyana in nature.  Its fruit consider as the substitute for draksha, if it is available more. Now a days draksha is more available than fruit of kasmira. The name gambari popular among in tribal people in Bihar.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    Hindi : Gambhari, Gambhara, gamari

    Telugu : Gummadi, Peggumudu

    Tamil : Kumadi, perumkumadi, Umi-thekku

    English : Comb teak, cashmere tree

    Marathi : Shivana

    Kanada : kumbalamara

    Malayalam : Umilu, kumpil, kumil

    Bengali : Gamar

    Punjabi : Gambhari

    Gujarati : Savan

    Sanskrit : Gambhari, kasmari

    Synonyms :

    “Gambhārī kāśmarī proktā madhuparṇī kṛṣṇavṛntikā” 

    (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Shloka 150) 

    Kaashmarya, Sarvatobhadraa, Bhadra, Mahaabhadraa, Sadaabhadraa, Madhuparnikaa, Sriparni, Pitarohini, Hiraa,  Bhadraparni, Trishati.

    Premna arborea Roth

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    srothahara, Dãhaprasamana, Virecanopaga

    Susrutha

    Sãrivãdi, Brhat Pancamula

    Vagbhata

    Sarivadi

    Morphology :

    A large deciduous tree,16- 20 m high, with whitish grey corky lenticellate bark, exfoliating thin flakes .

    Leaves— simple, opposite, glabrous above, large tomentose underneath. cordate-ovate, acuminate.

    Flowers— yellow, tinged with brown, in terminal and axillary racemifom paniclcs, composed of lateral cymes.

    Fruits— drupes, yellow when ripe.

    seeds— oblong. Flowering in February-April & fruiting in April-July.

    Habitat & Distribution :

    Found throughout India

    Chemical Constituents :

    arborone, 7-oxodihydrogmelinol, paulownin acetate and epieudesmin, beta-sitosterol, ceryl alcohol, gmelinol; butyric & tartaric acids: apigenin, premnazole, arborone, arhoreol, isoarboreol, cutytyl ferulate, epieudesmin, gmelanore, gmelafuran. gummadiol, non-saponifiable fraction, saponifiable- fraction, apiosylskimmin, octacosanol etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa Tikta, Kasaya. Madhura

    Guna  Guru

    Virya Usna

    Vipäka Katu

    Karma :

    Vata-pittahara, Bhedana, Sothahara, Dipana-pãcana, Medhya

    stomachic, laxative, antibilious, demulcent, galactagogue, anticephalalgic.

    Indications :

    Bhrama, Sotha, Trsnã, AmaüIa, Aras, Visa roga, Dãha, Jvara

    Roots are acrid, bitter, laxative. Oedema, dysuria, haemorrhagic diseases Useful in fever, hallucination, haemorrhoids, burning sensation. Flowers are useful in skin disease, fruits are astringent, diuretic. It promotes the growth of hair, useful in anaemia, leucorrhoea.   

    Fruit—Raktapittahara mentioned by caraka

    Flower— Vrsya, Balya, Raktapittahara

    Part Used :

    Root, fruit, flower, leaves

    Dosage :

    Root bark decoction 50-100 ml, fruit powder 2-4 g.

    External uses :

    Because of cooling and soothing actions, the leaves relieve burning and pain. In such cases, leaves are tied to the affected part. Paste of the leaves is applied over the forehead in case of headache caused by fever.

    Internal uses :

    Central Nervous system : It is used in vertigo, brain debility and vata disorders. It is also a brain tonic.

    Digestive system : Fruit- relieves excessive thirst; roots aperients, improves appetite and digestion, so used in diarrhoea, constipation and haemorrhoids.

    Circulatory system : The bark of the root is used internally in oedema due to any cause, as it relieve oedema. Its  fruit is cardiotonic. Its juice is useful in caydiac disorders and the mixture of roots of gambhari + gunja leaves + yashtimadhu + sugar with milk is a good galactogoque

    Respiratory system : Ripe fruit is a nutritive tonic, so useful in tuberculosis and cachexia.

    Urinary  system : Fruits and leaves are diuretic, The juice is given in dysuria, gonorrhoeae  and cystitis. In such cases if the juice is given along with cow’s milk and sugar, it increases urination, relieves pain and swelling.

    Reproductive system : Besides being a galactagogue, the fruit is aphrodisiac Fruits are used in semen debility and to prevent miscarriage. Decoction of the root bark is given in postpartum disorders. It relieves uteritis, fever and other symptoms and promotes breast milk. A tampon of oil derived from gambhari juice is kept for breast development.

    Temperature : Relieves fever and burning.

    Satmikaran The bark is a bitter tonic having nutritive and rejuvenating properties. It is also an antidote. The bark is used in post pyrexial debility. It is also used externally and internally in scorpion and snake bite.

    Parts used Root and fruit (one of the brihath panchamool).

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Dasamülarista, sriparni taila; Drãksãdi Kvãtha, Kãmaryãdi pänaka, Kamarya rasãyana, Kamarya taila Shriparnyadi kwath. Shriparni taila, Brihath panchamooladi katha.

    Important research work going on :

    (1) hypoglycemic activity

    (2) anti-viral activity

    (3) anti-inflammatory activity

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Stanya Vardhana.- Oil prepared with Gambhäri patra is used for external application

    (2)Raktapitta— Flowers of Kovidãra, Kasmarya & Sãlmali

    are useful as diet (C.S.Ci. 4).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Anti-arthritic effects (2020, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.) 

    2. Neuroprotective properties (2021, IJNPR) 

    3. Antipyretic activity (2023, AJAY) 

     

    About Gambhari

    Botanical Name

    Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm.

    Family

    Lamiaceae

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/061

    Parts Used

    Root, Fruit, Flower, Leaves

    Habitat

    India, Sri Lanka, Nepal

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura

    Guna

    Guru

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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  • Dhanyakam

    Dhanyakam

    Botanical Name : Coriandrum sativum Linn.

    Family : Umbelliferae; Apiaceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/060

    Introduction :

    It is the one of the important herb used in fever & indigestion.

    Scientific classification: Coriander belongs to the family Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae). It is classified as Coriandrum sativum.

    Names in different Indian languages :

    Hindi : Dhaniya

    Telugu : Dhaniyalu

    Tamil : Kottamalli

    English : Coriander

    Kanada : kottambri

    Bengali : Dhane

    Gujarati : Dhana

    Malayalam : Kottamalli

    Sanskrit : Dhanyakam, dhanaka

    Unnani : Kishneez

    Synonyms :

    “Dhanyākaṁ dhānakaṁ vitunnakaṁ kustumburu”  (Bhav Prakash Nighantu, Shaka Varga, Shloka 45) 

    Kustumburu, Dhaanyeyaka, Dhanika, Dhanikaa, Dhaanaa, Dhaanya, Dhaniyaa, Kunati, Chhatraa, Vitunnaka.

    Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata :

    Charaka

    Trsnaprasamana, sitaprasamna

    Susrutha

    Guducyãdi

    Vagbhata

    Guducyãdi

    Morphology :

    A glabrous aromatic, Annual plant, 40-80 cm. high.

    Leaves- Decompound, two kinds, the lower ones petioled, imparipinnate into 3-4 pairs of cruciform, obtuse, incised-dentate segments, :the upper ones short-petioled or sub sessile,

    Flowers- small,  white or pinkish purple, terminal umbels 5-10 rayed.

    Fruits: fruits yellowish brown, globular, ribbed, separating into two halves each containing a seed.

    Distribution & Habitat :

    Widely cultivated in North India

    Chemical composition :

    Seeds contain volatile oil ,stable oil,  resin, astringent principle, malic acid and alkaloids, coriander oil contains coriandrol, cirenyol and vebriniol, Carotene cugenol, bergapten, coriandrinol (glucoside), citronellol, coriandrin, dihydrocoriandrin, coriandrone A & B gnaphalosides A & B etc.

    Properties :

    Rasa Kasãya, Tikta,

    Guna Laghu, Snigdha

    Virya Usna.

    Vipäka. Madhura

    Karma : Tridosahara, Dipana- pachana, Grahi

    Stimulant, stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic ,anti-inflammatory

    Part Used :

    Fruits, whole plant (leaves mainly)

    Dosage :

    Fruit powder 3-6g:

    Indications :

    Jvara, Dãha, Trsnã, Chardi, Kãsa, svãsa, Krimi, Arsas

    hiccough, piles, jaundice, thermogenic, digestive, diuretic, anti pyrectic, anorexia, burning sensation, conjunctivitis, epitasis erysipelas, fever, gout, giddiness.

    External use :

    Local application Of coriander seeds alleviates swelling and pains. Paste of green coriander has very good action on headache caused by pitta. Externally, powdered green coriander alleviates burning sensation and pain in diseases like inflammation caused by pitta. erysipelas and lymphadenopathy.

    Internal use :

    Central nervous system : Tonic for majja dhatu. Only-pulp from coverless coriander should be taken and boiled with milk. This milk cures vertigo, syncope and memory loss.

    Digestive system : Being antidypsetic, appetizer, digestive, astringent, liver stimulant and anthelmintic. Repeated administration of coriander water is effective in distaste,, anorexia, indigestion, dysentery, diarrhoea abdominal pain, piles

    Circulatory system : Green coriander is effective in bleeding disorders.

    Respiratory system : Useful in cough and dyspnoea induced by kapha .

    Urinary system : It is the best diuretic. it is effective in dysuria and retention of urine which commonly occurs in summer season.

    Reproductive system : It is an astringent because of which it reduces shukra dhatu.

    Temperature : Febrifuge and refrigerant. In fever, to alleviate fever and thirst, coriander water

    Important Yogas or Formations :

    Dhanyakadi Hima, Dhanyapanchaka, Dhanyachatushka.

    Therapeutic Uses :

    (1) Amavãta— Decoction prepared with Dhanyaka & sunthi is useful for Dipana &. Pãchana. In combination with Erandamula it allivates the pain in arthritis.

    (2) Jvara— Decoction of Dhãnyaka & Amalaki and Lavana dravyas is useful (S.S.Ut.49/30).

    (3) Chardi— Dhanyaka mixed with Amla and Lavana dravyas is useful (S.S.Ut.49/30).

    IUCN Status: Least Concern. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Antimicrobial activity of coriander oil (2020, J. Food Sci.) 

    2. GI motility enhancement (2021, IJPR) 

    3. Anti-diabetic effects (2022, Phytother. Res.) 

     

    About Dhanyakam

    Botanical Name

    Coriandrum sativum L.

    Family

    Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/060

    Parts Used

    Fruits, Whole plant (mainly leaves)

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Least Concern

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Kashaya, Tikta

    Guna

    Laghu, Snigdha

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Madhura

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  • Peeta Bhrngaraja

    Peeta Bhrngaraja

    Botanical Name : Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill

    Family : Compositae; Asteraceae

    Identification No.: SDACH/HG/059

    Introduction :

    Mainly using in siddha

    Morphology :

    A perennial herb grows up to 40-60 cm height

    Leaves-simple, opposite, linear-oblong , hairy

    Flower – yellow, axillary

    Fruits-achenes

    Distribution & Habitat :

    All over India, waste lands

    Chemical constituents :

    oleanolic acid, saponins, coumestans, wedelolactone,  demethyl wedelolactone

    Properties :

    RASA-katu,tikta, kashaya

    GUNA-laghu

    VIRYA-ushna

    VIPAKA-katu

    Karma –kesya, mutrala, sveda janana, hridya, vrishya

    Cardio tonic, anti inflammatory, diuretic, thermogenic

    Srotogamitva :

    Dosha : kapha vataghna

    Dhatu :raktha

    Mala :mutrala

    Organ : liver

    Indication : Karnamaya, mutrakrichra, pandu, krimi

    Ulcer, otalgia, liver and spleen disorder, hair fall, fever, general weakness, greyness of hair.

    Part used :

    Whole plant

    IUCN Status: Not Evaluated. 

    Research Updates: 

    1. Anti-inflammatory effects (2019, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.) 

    2. Wound healing activity (2021, IJNPR) 

    3. Hepatoprotective properties (2023, AJAY) 

     

    About Peeta Bhrngaraja

    Botanical Name

    Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill

    Family

    Asteraceae (Compositae)

    Identification No.

    SDACH/HG/059

    Parts Used

    Whole plant

    Habitat

    India

    IUCN Status

    Not Evaluated (NE)

    Plant Photos

    Ayurvedic Properties

    Rasa

    Katu, Tikta, Kashaya

    Guna

    Laghu

    Virya

    Ushna

    Vipãka

    Katu

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